Regarding making votes public. I’d agree with close votes being made public when they were not effective. I am not sure about publishing them whilst pending, as I have the concern that it might lead to the thought that some high-experience user voted to close that post and therefore it must be correct, leading to a questionable closure.
For other votes (up and down), I still think they must not be published, however that is not within the scope of this topic.
Otherwise I agree, that close votes that were not effective shouldn’t be penalized, unless someone continously abuses them in bad faith. To that would belong, IMO, intentionally voting to close questions where the community decided to allow that type. However this should be dealt with manually by moderators being able to revoke the privileges for some time.